Skip to content
Search

Latest Stories

Top Stories

Project 2025: Affirmative action

Women holding signs to defend diversity at Havard

CHarvard students joined in a rally protesting the Supreme Courts ruling against affirmative action in 2023.

Craig F. Walker/The Boston Globe via Getty Images

Shapiro, a freelance journalist, was a newspaper editor for 30 years in California, Illinois and Iowa, including 21 years as executive editor of the Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier.

This is part of a series offering a nonpartisan counter to Project 2025, a conservative guideline to reforming government and policymaking during the first 180 days of a second Trump administration. The Fulcrum's cross partisan analysis of Project 2025 relies on unbiased critical thinking, reexamines outdated assumptions, and uses reason, scientific evidence, and data in analyzing and critiquing Project 2025.

The most celebrated passage in American history is honored in textbooks as a “self-evident” truth about equality.

We are schooled “that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness.”

It is a lofty proposition, but as the brainchild of two slaveowners — written by Thomas Jefferson at the behest of Benjamin Franklin — inherent contradictions exist.


The inspiration was English philosopher John Locke, who wrote more hypothetically, “Being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions.” Genesis 1:27 simply stated: “Men and women are created in God’s image; therefore they are equal in worth.”

But a quote attributed to former University of Oklahoma and Dallas Cowboy football coach Barry Switzer is perhaps more on point: “Some people are born on third base and go through life thinking they hit a triple.”

To mix sports metaphors, the supporters of Project 2025 — a blueprint developed by the Charles Koch-funded Heritage Foundation for a second Donald Trump presidency — were born on the 1 yard line, first and goal.

The manifesto harkens back to the good old days of the Founding Fathers, when some humans were property and many — notably women — weren’t allowed to own property or have basic rights.

The U.S. Constitution left voting to the discretion of the states, which bestowed it primarily on property-owning white males. New Jersey was an exception, allowing women and free Blacks to vote, if their worth was “50 pounds of clear estate.” That lasted until an 1807 “reform” gave all white men the vote, but rescinded it for women and Blacks.

Course corrections — a Civil War, women’s suffrage and the civil rights movement among them — have attempted to level the playing field.

Alas, according to Project 2025, these changes begat modern day “woke diversificrats” who believe the federal government can produce a greater semblance of equality. Instead, it invokes “states’ rights” — the path initiated by Southerners who championed slavery and segregation. Project 2025 wants to ”dismantle the administrative state and return self-governance to the American people” and “secure our God-given individual rights to live freely — what our Constitution calls ‘the Blessings of Liberty.’”

Affirmative action, Project 2025 concludes, is “affirmative discrimination.” As Trump told Time in April, “There’s absolutely a bias against white [people], and that’s a problem.” (Fifty-eight percent of his supporters agree, according to a November 2023 CBS News poll, but only 9 percetnt of Biden backers do).

More articles about Project 2025

    Read More

    ​The Edmund Pettus Bridge, in Selma, Alabama, was the scene of violent clashes as Martin Luther King led a march from Selma to Montgomery.

    A personal journey through Alabama reveals a family's buried racist past, confronting slavery, lynching, and civil-rights history while seeking truth, healing, and accountability.

    Getty Images, Kirkikis

    Facing the Past, and Confronting Generations of Racism in Alabama

    I come from a long line of racists.

    Tracing my ancestry back to the early nineteenth century, I discovered that my great-great-great-grandfather emigrated from Ireland and then drifted south, eventually settling in Dallas County, Alabama. Daniel Brislin called Selma home.

    Keep ReadingShow less
    Tour Group Company Works to Increase Accessibility to Diverse Colleges

    All travel by College Campus Tours is completed by motorcoach buses.

    Tour Group Company Works to Increase Accessibility to Diverse Colleges

    WASHINGTON—For high school students across the country and the world, it’s college application season, where one decision can change the trajectory for a teenager’s entire life. However, some students of color aren’t even exposed to all of their options, in particular, minority serving institutions (MSIs).

    In the United States, MSIs, which include historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and Hispanic-serving institutions (HSIs), enrolled over 5 million undergraduate and graduate students in 2016. That’s around 25% of total college enrollment, according to 2015 data.

    Keep ReadingShow less
    A teacher passing out papers to students in a classroom.

    California’s teacher shortage highlights inequities in teacher education. Supporting and retaining teachers of color starts with racially just TEPs.

    Getty Images, Maskot

    There’s a Shortage of Teachers of Color—Support Begins in Preservice Education

    The LAist reported a shortage of teachers in Southern California, and especially a shortage of teachers of color. In California, almost 80% of public school students are students of color, while 64.4% of teachers are white. (Nationally, 80% of teachers are white, and over 50% of public school students are of color.) The article suggests that to support and retain teachers requires an investment in teacher candidates (TCs), mostly through full funding given that many teachers can’t afford such costly fast paced teacher education programs (TEPs), where they have no time to work for extra income. Ensuring affordability for these programs to recruit and sustain teachers, and especially teachers of color, is absolutely critical, but TEPs must consider additional supports, including culturally relevant curriculum, faculty of color they can trust and space for them to build community among themselves.

    Hundreds of thousands of aspiring teachers enroll in TEPs, yet preservice teachers of color are a clear minority. A study revealed that 48 U.S. states and Washington, D.C have higher percentages of white TCs than they do white public-school students. Furthermore, in 35 of the programs that had enrollment of 400 or more, 90% of enrollees were white. Scholar Christine Sleeter declared an “overwhelming presence of whiteness” in teacher education and expert Cheryl Matias discussed how TEPs generate “emotionalities of whiteness,” meaning feelings such as guilt and defensiveness in white people, might result in people of color protecting white comfort instead of addressing the root issues and manifestations of racism.

    Keep ReadingShow less
    Mamdani, Sherrill, and Spanberger Win Signal Voter Embrace of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

    Zohran Mamdani, October 26, 2025

    (Photo by Stephani Spindel/VIEWpress)

    Mamdani, Sherrill, and Spanberger Win Signal Voter Embrace of Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion

    In a sweeping rebuke of President Donald Trump’s second-term agenda, voters in three key races delivered historic victories to Democratic candidates Zohran Mamdani, Mikie Sherrill, and Abigail Spanberger—each representing a distinct ideological and demographic shift toward diversity, equity, and inclusion.

    On Tuesday, Zohran Mamdani, a 34-year-old democratic socialist and state Assembly member, was elected mayor of New York City, becoming the city’s first Muslim mayor. In Virginia, Abigail Spanberger defeated Republican Lt. Gov. Winsome Earle-Sears to become the state’s first female governor. And in New Jersey, Mikie Sherrill, a moderate Democrat and former Navy helicopter pilot, won the governorship in a race that underscored economic and social policy divides.

    Keep ReadingShow less