How do state voting trends compare to the national popular vote in presidential elections since 2000? J. Miles Coleman shares his new analysis that contrasts two regions - the North and South.
Podcast: Leaning into state trends


How do state voting trends compare to the national popular vote in presidential elections since 2000? J. Miles Coleman shares his new analysis that contrasts two regions - the North and South.

"I thought there was no way I could become a doctor. Now I know I can."
As I looked around the room, I noticed heads nodding in agreement.
That student's reflection wasn't an isolated experience. One by one, others shared similar stories describing how they had questioned whether they belonged in medicine, rarely saw healthcare professionals who looked like them, or simply didn't know that so many different careers in healthcare were possible. By the end of the conversation, it was clear that what had changed over the course of one week extended far beyond career interests. The students had begun to see themselves in a future that once felt out of reach.
It was the final afternoon of the High School Opportunities for Pediatrics Experience and Shadowing (HOPES) Program, and I was facilitating the program's focus group. Throughout the week, I had watched students shadow physicians, nurses, sonographers, pharmacists, occupational therapists, child life specialists, and many other healthcare professionals at Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt. They explored operating rooms, outpatient clinics, imaging suites, and multidisciplinary care teams while asking thoughtful questions about careers they had never known existed.
As the inaugural Program Evaluator for HOPES, I had spent months developing the program's evaluation framework, including the IRB-approved protocol, pre- and post-program surveys, daily reflection assessments, and the focus group guide. I had the opportunity to lead this work through my role as the Health Policy Fellow for the Organization for Latino Health Advocacy (OLHA), where I am focused on conducting community-based research and launching OLHA’s Youth Action network.
Evaluating HOPES allowed me to see firsthand how policy priorities surrounding workforce diversity and access are ultimately shaped by the experiences of individual students. Initially, I viewed these tools as a way to measure whether the program achieved its objectives. By the end of that focus group, however, I realized they had become something much more meaningful. They allowed me to document moments of transformation that numbers alone could never fully capture.
That realization was deeply personal.
As the daughter of a Mexican immigrant, I understand what it feels like to pursue higher education without a clear roadmap. My parents always believed education was the pathway to opportunity, but navigating college, graduate school, and now medical school applications often meant learning through trial and error. Like many of the students sitting around that table, I have questioned whether I truly belonged in spaces where few people shared my background.
Listening to students describe those same feelings reminded me why programs like HOPES matter. Exposure to healthcare is important, but exposure alone is not enough. Students do not simply need to see medicine; they need opportunities to envision themselves as part of it.
For many students, the first barrier to entering healthcare is not a lack of passion or potential. It is the absence of access. Without meaningful opportunities to interact with healthcare professionals, ask questions, and understand the pathways available to them, many students may never consider healthcare as a realistic future.
The purpose of HOPES was designed to provide students with a comprehensive view of the healthcare system and the many roles that contribute to patient care.
Throughout the week, students experienced healthcare from multiple perspectives. They observed clinical decision-making, learned about specialized roles within pediatric care, and witnessed the collaboration required to support children and families. A physician was only one part of the story. Nurses, therapists, pharmacists, imaging specialists, and countless other professionals demonstrated that healthcare is built by a team with diverse expertise.
Through daily reflections, pre- and post-program surveys, and focus group discussions, a consistent theme emerged: students were not only gaining knowledge about healthcare careers; they were building confidence that those careers were attainable.
Many students entered the program with limited awareness of the breadth of healthcare professions. By the end of the week, they described a broader understanding of healthcare and recognized that there were multiple pathways where their interests, experiences, and strengths could make an impact.
The greatest outcome of HOPES was not that students learned about healthcare. It was that they began to see themselves as future contributors to it.
The reflections shared by students also highlighted a larger challenge within healthcare: the pathway into healthcare professions is not equally accessible to all students.
Workforce diversity is often discussed in the context of medical education and professional training, but the pipeline begins much earlier. A student's decision to pursue healthcare is shaped by early exposure, mentorship, encouragement, and access to people who can help them navigate the journey.
For students who do not grow up around healthcare professionals, the process of pursuing a healthcare career can feel unfamiliar and inaccessible. They may not know what opportunities exist, what steps to take, or whether someone like them belongs in those spaces.
This is why building a diverse healthcare workforce is not only an educational priority; it is a health policy issue. Creating a healthcare workforce that reflects the communities it serves is essential to advancing health equity. Patients benefit when healthcare professionals understand their communities, communicate effectively, and build trust through shared experiences and perspectives.
Programs like HOPES demonstrate what is possible when students are given meaningful opportunities to explore healthcare careers, connect with mentors, and develop a sense of belonging within the field. However, creating lasting change requires moving beyond individual programs and recognizing early career exposure as an essential component of healthcare workforce development.
Strengthening the healthcare workforce requires sustained investment from healthcare institutions, educational systems, and policymakers. This includes creating long-term partnerships between hospitals and schools, expanding mentorship opportunities, and supporting programs that introduce students to the diverse range of careers available in healthcare. National workforce initiatives, including those supported by the Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), highlight the importance of building structured pathways that help students access the experiences and resources needed to pursue health careers.
Equally important is understanding which strategies create meaningful impact. Evaluation provides a critical tool for ensuring that workforce development efforts are not only expanding access, but also improving students’ confidence, knowledge, and readiness to pursue healthcare pathways. By listening to students and measuring their experiences, institutions can identify how to design more effective programs and build a stronger healthcare workforce for the future.
Through my Health Policy Fellowship with the Organization for Latino Health Advocacy, I have come to appreciate that strengthening the healthcare workforce extends beyond legislation alone. Policy also involves understanding which programs work, evaluating their impact, and using evidence to advocate for investments that expand opportunity. HOPES reinforced that meaningful evaluation is not simply about measuring outcomes; it is about generating the evidence needed to build stronger, more equitable pathways into healthcare.
The future of healthcare depends not only on training the next generation of professionals, but also on ensuring that students from all backgrounds have the opportunity to imagine themselves in those roles.
The student who shared, "I thought there was no way I could become a doctor. Now I know I can," represented something much larger than an individual moment of inspiration. That statement reflected the power of creating access, fostering belonging, and opening doors that might otherwise have remained closed.
My experience with HOPES reminded me that workforce transformation does not begin when a student enters medical school or steps into a clinical role. It begins much earlier with a first conversation, a meaningful experience, and someone who helps a student recognize that they belong.
Sometimes, changing healthcare begins by helping someone believe they have a place within it.
Lessons From Evaluating the HOPES Program was first published by Organization for Latino Health Policy and is republished with permission.
Chloe Urias, MPH, is an OLHA Health Policy Fellow.

Hand holding ballot in voting ballot box with USA flag in background. USA presidential elections concept.
We need to understand MAGA election machinations, and equally important, we need to know about – and join – the significant efforts taking place to block the attacks. Trustworthy elections and our democracy depend on each of us making a plan and acting on it as best we can in the few weeks before the midterms and the less than 800 days until 2028’s elections.
We all have seen reports about the concerted, multifaceted MAGA attacks on American elections. They are taking place across broad fronts and at scale, but there is also a powerful story of democratic resilience.
State and local election administrators are testing multiple contingency plans in many parts of the country to address present and anticipated attacks on our elections, as are state attorneys general and local officials. Democrats in Congress and their allies are preparing maneuvers to counter MAGA electoral machinations, while the Democratic Party in each state is mobilizing voter protection efforts.
Legal groups are fighting election interference in the courts – often with success – and are preparing challenges to further attempts at derailing elections. Plus, citizen groups are mobilizing to assist voters and to protect the vote. A recent Los Angeles Times article describes many of these developments.
The key to genuine elections is massive turnout, as examples across the world demonstrate. And the key to election and democracy defense is participation.
Parties, candidates, and many issue-oriented, faith-based, and civic organizations conduct voter mobilization efforts; contributing to those efforts is crucial. If you are concerned with protecting elections themselves, here are some steps we all can take.
Step 1: Learn about election administration locally and beyond, and use your voice – face-to-face and in your social media accounts – to help others understand the soundness of U.S. elections. Include your personal experiences and repost trusted positive stories. If you are an educator, pastor, or civic association member, arrange assemblies for election officials and others to explain processes. Be creative in engaging family, friends, colleagues, and others to encourage their participation as voters, election protectors, and democracy defenders.
Step 2: Make a detailed plan to vote and encourage others to do so. Plus, follow up about executing that plan with those you know. This includes registering to vote and checking on the status of your voter registration even if you are a frequent voter. The National Association of Secretaries of State website links to each state for that, to reconfirm your polling location, and other important information.
Also, check on your required form of voter identification and make sure yours meets requirements, including matching your address. Voter ID laws have changed in several states, and enforcement may be stricter this year. You can easily verify this online through your state or local election board. If you or someone you know needs registration assistance, including obtaining proper ID, groups like VoteRiders can help.
Step 3: Develop options for delivering and ensuring your ballot is counted. Where voting by mail is available, make sure requests for such ballots are submitted early and your ballot is deposited early in the mail or an official election drop-box. Then, where possible, check the election board’s website to track your ballot’s receipt, validation, and whether it was counted. Be sure to fix any problem that appears at each stage. State voter protection hotlines, party and nonpartisan, can help with that. If early voting is available and it’s your preference, go to the location and vote. And whether you vote by mail, vote early, or go to the polls on November 3, encourage others to join you in casting their ballots.
Step 4: As your time, interests, and abilities allow, become an election protector. That can take several forms. Election boards need skilled, honest workers, including staff for polling locations, and recruitment is underway in many places. Organizations like the League of Women Voters and Vet the Vote can help you make that connection.
State Democratic voter protection activities, including staffing hotlines to help voters with registration or voting challenges, are getting in gear. Such efforts are taking place in every state. Hotline and related activities before and during elections can be conducted remotely, allowing out-of-state residents to engage. Monitoring outside voting sites requires presence, while monitoring inside them often must be done by voters registered in the state.
Nonpartisan civic efforts are also significant, like the Election Protection Coalition’s 866OurVote hotline and monitoring outside polling places. Many of its civil rights, faith-based, and civic organization partners conduct complementary activities. State-specific efforts like Project Halo, NAACP Legal Defense Fund’s Black Voters on the Rise, and The Carter Center US election observation initiatives in several states also need volunteers.
Mass mobilization initiatives, including Indivisible, which is part of the No Kings network, are building a Hands Off Our Vote election protection effort to train volunteers to ensure the opportunity to vote, that every vote is counted, the results are honored, and winners are seated. That could include monitor presence at drop-boxes and polling stations, as well as counting centers, which party and other non-party efforts also cover. The No Kings network itself is launching a campaign to mobilize early voting as is Party at the Polls.
Mobilizing citizens to defend the count and to ensure legitimate winners are seated goes beyond such efforts. Given the threats of ICE and/or other coercive presence at polls, seizures of ballots and voting equipment, disrupting results certification, and blocking winners from assuming office, mass mobilization may be a crucial part of upcoming election defense.
Resources to counter MAGA election interference are now widely available from sources as diverse as the National Association of Social Workers (NASW), IssueOne, ACLU, and Protect Democracy, including resources focused on Gen Z. If you want to go into details on the election front, sources like Election Law Blog and Democracy Docket are useful.
Rounding the circle, the anti-democratic game plan is to suppress, disrupt, and block real elections as part of maintaining and gaining more power. The answer is to understand, speak out, mobilize, and defend elections and democracy more broadly. There are many things to be done. We can all choose what to do and act on.
Pat Merloe provides strategic advice to groups focused on democracy and trustworthy elections in the U.S. and internationally. He has engaged with those promoting credible elections in more than 60 countries over four plus decades.
The state of Florida is no stranger to hurricanes. Floridians worry about flooding, property damage, and harsh winds. But another issue often goes forgotten, and it starts in the kitchen.
When hurricane season hits, the power usually goes out, which means refrigerators begin to warm, putting perishable food at risk. According to foodsafety.gov, refrigerators can keep food safe for only four hours during a power outage.
For Florida residents, a power outage during a hurricane can last way longer than 4 hours. A category two hurricane can cause power outages for an estimated several days to two weeks.
Food spoilage is only the surface of the problem. Older adults and low-income families have limited financial resources to replace spoiled food. Throwing away spoiled groceries is a safe option, but during hurricane season or any disaster, households lose a lot of money and face a financial burden.
Replacing groceries is not as simple as it seems, especially when seeking government assistance. According to an article by TC Palm, FEMA does not reimburse for food lost during power outages, and no programs provide vouchers to replace spoiled groceries or food lost in weather-related events.
Also, SNAP benefits assistance is not available to everyone. Vulnerable households that are financially struggling are left with few to no options to ease the burden during a difficult disaster.
A solution could help many families who could fall victim to a problem like this. Improving food safety in Florida communities can reduce financial risk before a hurricane hits.
One organization that is working to provide food safety education is the University of Florida's Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, also known as UF/IFAS. Through its Extension program, UF/IFAS provides food safety information and outreach to communities across Florida.
Programs like UF/IFAS help families prepare for power outages during storms before they happen. They teach families how to store food and identify when it is no longer safe to eat, helping residents avoid unnecessary food loss and reduce the risk of foodborne illness.
Dr. Keith Schneider, a food safety and nutrition researcher and professor with UF/IFAS Extension, says the objective is to educate people since the University of Florida is a land-grant institution.
“As a land-grant institution, outreach is part of our mission, so we have teaching, research, and extension effort. There's somebody [regional agents] in every county in Florida that provides outreach and support to the community.”
To provide information on how to prepare food and water before a storm, the organization has many fact sheets online. The fact sheets explain how to safely handle water and food during a disaster.
“There are several fact sheets available online to help consumers handle food during those crisis events,” said Dr. Schneider.
He also mentions the organization does outreach in other ways, like news, radio, social media, and having the university do press releases.
Dr. Schneider advises keeping fresh water, nonperishable food, and ice on hand during hurricane season to prepare for power outages. Also recommending limiting the amount of perishable food stored before a storm.
This information matters for vulnerable households because it can reduce the financial burden of groceries lost during a disaster.
He mentions throwing away food can be difficult for most families, but it is important: “Sometimes it sort of difficult [throwing away perishable food] because it may represent a very significant portion of their food budget. But in those types of situations you don’t want to add a foodborne illness on top of a crisis situation already; that will just overburden our first responders in our healthcare”
The UF/IFAS program outreach helps vulnerable Floridians, but the organization has limitations.
Dr. Schneider mentions that the lack of manpower across Florida makes it difficult to broadcast food safety knowledge on a bigger scale.
“You have a limited number of individuals dealing with a very large population, so we get pulled in a lot of different directions. We don't have the resources to hire more people to reach every individual”.
Another limitation is reaching residents who may not have access to the internet and social media. UF/IFAS food safety resources and fact sheets are online, but many vulnerable people may not know about the information or even the existence of the organization.
“These groups of individuals may not have access to a computer or may not know that we exist. We probably need more people; we want to be as visible as we can,” said Dr. Schneider
Going door to door is counterproductive for the organization, especially with so few specialists. But Dr. Schneider assures the organization tries its best to bring food safety knowledge to as many people as they can.
Other states like Georgia, North Carolina, Louisiana, and California, to name a few, have similar extension programs to promote food safety knowledge and resources. This shows that Florida is not alone in using education and outreach to help vulnerable communities when a disaster strikes.
While food safety education cannot prevent power outages or stop food from spoiling, providing Floridians with information before a hurricane hits could help them make safer decisions about the food they have. It could also reduce food loss and the financial strain of replacing groceries after a disaster.
Kazon Allen is a broadcast journalism student at Florida A&M University and is a member of the summer Fulcrum Fellowship.
The Fulcrum is proud to introduce the six students selected for the Fall 2026 Fulcrum Fellowship, a semester‑long program designed to strengthen the next generation of civic‑minded journalists. Building on the momentum of the summer cohort, this fall class reflects the fellowship’s mission: elevating diverse voices, sharpening democratic storytelling skills, and preparing emerging reporters to cover the systems shaping American civic life.
This cohort reflects the fellowship’s continued expansion and its growing partnership with the Latino News Network (LNN), which brings additional mentorship, newsroom collaboration, and community‑driven reporting opportunities to the fellows.
The Fall 2026 fellows represent universities across the country and bring a wide range of experiences, interests, and journalistic ambitions. Each fellow will participate in newsroom-style training, solutions-focused reporting workshops, and hands-on civic journalism projects that align with The Fulcrum’s commitment to strengthening democracy, nonpartisan public-interest reporting, and community-driven storytelling.
Hugo Balta, Executive Editor of The Fulcrum and Publisher of the LNN, said:
“This partnership allows us to give emerging journalists the kind of hands‑on, community‑centered experience that strengthens both their reporting and our democracy. These fellows bring curiosity, empathy, and a real commitment to public‑service journalism.”
Alejo Cruz
Alejo Cruz — Craig Newmark Graduate School of Journalism at CUNY. Cruz draws on his experience growing up in an immigrant household and his reporting with unhoused people and asylum seekers to center human rights and community voices in his journalism, a commitment he hopes to deepen through solutions‑focused reporting with The Fulcrum.
"The Fulcrum's commitment to repairing our democracy through informed and civil dialogue is what drew me to the Fellowship. We are at a pivotal moment in our nation's history where the growing political polarization presents a challenge for the next generation of journalists. I hope to walk away from this Fellowship with a better understanding of how to write for unity rather than division."
Pechuqui Laurata
Pechuqui Laurata — UC Berkeley School of Journalism (Master of Journalism). Guided by early experiences in Cameroon and strengthened at Berkeley, Laurata aims to produce rigorous, compassionate journalism that highlights how communities respond to hardship and where meaningful change is taking root.
"I applied for the Fulcrum Fellowship because I want to strengthen my skills in reporting democracy and civic issues in ways that are thoughtful, inclusive, and grounded in people’s lived experiences. Through the fellowship, I hope to sharpen my opinion and solutions journalism skills, learn from seasoned experts, mentors, as I develop stories that connect communities across diverse cultures, backgrounds and perspectives."
Idris Mohammed
Idris Mohammed — University of Alabama, Ph.D. Student in Journalism & Creative Media. Idris’s work covering terrorism, displacement, and humanitarian crises across northern Nigeria has shaped his commitment to evidence‑based, solutions‑driven reporting that highlights both community resilience and the responses that make a difference.
"Coming from a region where many people have been denied basic rights, I know that telling someone’s story can be an act of recognition and justice. Through We Are One Humanity, I hope to share those stories with a global audience and demonstrate that even in places marked by conflict and hardship, humanity, resilience, and hope continue to endure. This motivated me to join We are One Humanity project!”
Abbey Osborn
Abbey Osborn — CUNY Newmark Graduate School of Journalism. Abbey focuses on local democracy, public institutions, and youth civic engagement. She brings experience in community reporting and a commitment to amplifying voices often overlooked in political coverage.
"I applied for this fellowship after being inspired by The Fulcrum's work highlighting democracy’s influence on everyday life. I want to expand my skills as a journalist by telling stories that elevate diverse backgrounds and viewpoints. Over the course of the fellowship, I hope to deepen my practice in solutions journalism and strengthen my ability to listen to and engage with a wide variety of communities."
Malory Shaw
Malory Shaw — University of Nevada, Reno. Malory's reporting is grounded in building trust with communities — from pesticide‑affected families in rural Costa Rica to Latino neighborhoods in Nevada — and in examining how law enforcement technology impacts democracy.
"The Fulcrum Fellowship gives me the incredible opportunity to learn more about solutions journalism, storytelling skills, and how to write a story with community at the forefront. I hope to broaden my perspectives and dip my toe into unfamiliar beats alongside talented, driven journalists."
Val Amiel Vestil
Val Amiel Vestil — University of Michigan (Graduate Student). Val blends environmental scholarship with nine years of journalism leadership, founding a nonprofit that has trained more than a thousand reporters and championed solutions‑driven climate coverage across the Philippines and Asia‑Pacific.
"Coming from the Philippines, where climate stories are often inseparable from stories of disaster and loss, I’m interested in what journalism can do to make room for responses, agency, and possibility. I hope the Fulcrum Fellowship will help me deepen that practice and bring a Global South perspective into solutions journalism. I also want to bring what I learn here back to the journalists and storytellers I work with in the Philippines."
David Nevins, Publisher of The Fulcrum, added:
“Each new cohort reminds us how much talent and passion exists in the next generation of journalists. Their work will help expand the national conversation about civic health, and we’re proud to support their growth.”
Throughout the fall, fellows will participate in workshops on solutions journalism, democratic systems, media literacy, and public‑interest storytelling. They will produce original reporting for The Fulcrum, engage with civic leaders, and collaborate on projects that explore the health of American democracy at the local and national levels.
The Fulcrum Fellowship continues to grow as part of our mission to support emerging journalists committed to strengthening civic understanding and democratic participation. This fall cohort reflects the energy, curiosity, and commitment needed to meet today's journalism challenges.
Hugo Balta is an accredited Solutions Journalism and Complicating the Narratives trainer with the Solutions Journalism Network.
The Fulcrum is deeply committed to nurturing the next generation of journalists, investing in emerging reporters who are driven to produce ethical, solutions‑focused storytelling and strengthen civic understanding through their work.
The Latino News Network's mission is to provide greater visibility to Hispanics, Latinos through community‑centered reporting that provides culturally nuanced, solutions‑driven coverage for underserved audiences.